INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

     Industries uses water for many activities. These water is then discharged out. Discharged water contains various impurities like chemicals, metals, suspended particles, etc. All these things are to be treated or removed from the water before they are to be discharged in any water body.

    If the water is not properly treated, then the impurities will act upon the various elements water causing adverse effects on aquatic life. This in turn will affect us through food chain. So its our prime duty to see that the water which is being discharged into the various water bodies follows the proper standards as prescribed by the pollution control board.

     There are fews sequential steps to e followed to treat the waste water.

STEP 1:

     SCREENING

       In this all the coarse sized solids are been removed. Along with the coarse, the floating and other suspended materials of considerable sizes are removed.

STEP2:

     PRIMARY TREATMENT

       Here mainly settling process takes place. The water is allowed to settle for a while and then are treated with microbes. These microbes feed upon the wastes colloidal particles suspended in the water.

STEP3:

     SECONDARY TREATMENT

       In this process the water is made suitable for almost all purposes, except for drinking. This is mainly done by chemical process. This includes various advanced oxidation process either used separately or with combinations. This will give a better quality if water.

STEP4:

     TERTIARY TREATMENT 

       Here fine treatment like reverse osmosis, membrane filtration, etc. are being carried out in order to make the water suitable for drinking.

Mostly if the water is to be discharged into water, then we can stop at step3.

So please treat the water before discharging it into any of the water body. By doing this we can save our earth & natural resources.

THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ARCTIC

The changes in the climate is found to be drastic & dramatic. In the early olden days there could be certain climatic pattern over a period of time. For instance 3 months rainy season, 3 months autumn, 3 months winter& 3 months summer. Now unfortunately we hardly have these seasons existing. Its raining anytime, the temperatures have gone to extremes both winter and summer. The most affected by this climatic change is animals. They could not adapt to such changing conditions and get perished.

Such kind of similar situation exists in the arctic region. The arctic region has become one of the warmest zone on the earth. Here the summer temperature is increasing year after year. Its expected that during the period from May to June snow formation takes place. Its found that the snow formation has reduced by around 20%. Here the summers are being increased and winters are being decreased by a weak or so. All such unusual changes has taken place in the recent one or two decades.

This also tells that the temperature will increase another 3 to 7 degrees centigrade very soon. Also the the winter period and the thickness of snow is reducing at a greater velocity. Its expected that the glaciers will lose 10-30% of there total mass.

The present rate of increase of green house gases shows a clear path that by 2100 the rise in the sea level would be from 0.9m to 1.6m. This increase in the sea level is found to be twice of that predicted by the UN's panel on climatic change, IPCC in 2007.

Its never late, so its our duty to reduce cordon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. We have to save our earth & natural resources.

GREENHOUSE GAS ALMOST BECOMING DANGEROUS

     The carbon dioxide which contributes maximum to the green house gases is found to be increasing its concentration in the atmosphere. It has rosed up to 455 parts per million (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report). This level is termed to be the tipping point.

     The amount of carbon dioxide in the environment has already crossed the threshold limit. This means that already the life on the earth has been in danger. The rate at which the carbon dioxide is increasing is enormous. So we have to take some strict action, measures as early as possible. The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rose because of our activities. So very are very much responsible to sort it out.

     It was found that in the 90's the emission rate of carbon dioxide was less than 1% per year, but in 2000's it was near 3.5% per year. This shows at what rate we are emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

     This tremendous increase in the carbon dioxide emission rate has lead to around 75% of the problems faced on the earth either directly or indirectly.

     These problems include sudden rainfalls, aperiodic changes in the season, price hikes, health problems, food scarcity, loss of habitat, etc.

     So its our prime duty to reduce the carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere and also take some actions to reduce the already existing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

    By doing these things we can save our earth & natural resources.